Phenol formaldehyde resins having high degree of polymerization are hard, rigid, scratchresistant and infusible. Pf is the original bakelite and is usually filled with 5070% wood flour for moulded nonstressed or lightly stressed parts. It was developed by the belgianamerican chemist leo baekeland in yonkers, new york, in 1907. The utilization of waste bakelite wb to replace natural aggregates na, such as natural coarse aggregate nca and natural fine aggregate nfa, in concrete and mortar is an approach for reducing both waste plastic and natural material. It is commonly used in the coating industry and for protective purposes. Plastics are defined as a group of synthetic resinous or other substances that can be molded into any form.
To make it stronger and to make more of it, filler such as sawdust is often added. All information, recommendations and suggestions provided by bakelite ag in the form of verbal or written communication, or in pertinent data bases, represent our best knowledge and experience. Note 2 destructive temperature is the temperature at which the material starts carbonization, collapse, and melts. In 1993, the american chemical society conferred bakelite as a national historical chemical landmark, in recognition for being important as the first synthetic plastic that was ever formulated in the world. They possess excellent adhesive properties and are usually used as bonding glue for laminated wooden planks and in varnishes and lackuers. Din 7735 hgw 2082, iec 60893 pf cc 201 properties mechanical value unit density 1.
Physical properties of natural aggregate na and waste bakelite aggregate. Then it becomes permanently hard and rigid when cooled. Bakelite phenolic is produced in dozens of commercial grades to meet mechanical, electrical and thermal requirements. When your application requires remarkable heat resistance, surface hardness, dimensional stability, chemical resistance and electrical insulating properties, theres no better material than bakelite phenolic resins. Its chemical name is polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride.
Epoxy resin is a low molecular weight prepolymer or higher. Moldings are smooth, retain their shape and are resistant to heat, scratches, and destructive solvents. Unlike linear and branched polymers, which are composed of long molecules that make them more or less crystalline, spacenetwork polymers are highly and irregularly crosslinked throughout the structure. Pdf the transformation of waste bakelite to replace natural fine. The chemical formula of bakelite can be written as c 6 h 6 och 2 oh n. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic and the first commercially manufactured. Very smooth molding can be obtained from this polymer. Bakelite sheet are hard, dense material made by applying heat and pressure to layers of cellulose.
Learn about plastics, recycling of plastics, thermosetting plastic and thermoplastic, types and properties of plastics at byjus. Get latest price we are standard as the leading manufacturer, exporter and supplier of superior quality bakelite sheet. Bakelite has been since been recognized as a national historical chemical landmark. We sincerely hope to establish business relationships and cooperate with you. It is because of the unique properties it possesses. Bakelite structure, monomers, preparation, properties, uses byjus. When made with this procedure, it is often an amber clear solid. Bakelite, trademarked synthetic resin invented in 1907 by belgianborn american chemist leo hendrik baekeland. It does test positive for bakelite but can have a unique look bicolor look about it. Bakelite was one of the first synthetically manufactured plastic materials introduced in the early 20th century.
One of the first plastics made from synthetic components, bakelite was used for its electrical nonconductivity and heatresistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings and such diverse products as kitchenware, jewelry, pipe stems, childrens toys, and firearms. China bakelite sheet,paper sheet,black bakelite sheet. Electrical property relative dielectric constant parellel insulation resistance after flooding volume resistivity. A thermosetting plastic is a plastic that liquefies and is malleable when heated. Chemically, it is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate material developed in 1928 in various laboratories, and first brought to market in 1933. China bakelite sheet, paper sheet, black bakelite sheet, insulation bakelite sheet manufacturers, our temperatureresistant bakelite sheet are good in quality and competitive in price. The first synthetic polymer, a phenolformaldehyde polymer, was introduced under the name bakelite, by leo baekeland in 1909. Phenolic bakelite paper sheet hp2061 phenolic bakelite laminate hp 2061 is made of cellulose. Bakelite bakelite is one of the earliest commercial plastics. These materials consist of multiple plies of various paper impregnated with phenolic resins and laminated under heat and pressure to produce a thermoset composite.
Unlike linear and branched polymers see demonstration 25. Phenolic laminated sheets, bakelite sheet, hylam sheet. From fauxpearls and colorful brooches to stackable bracelets, the inexpensive baubles have an undeniable charm. Phenol formaldehyde resins having low degree of polymerization are soft. Since 1971, with our continuous efforts towards technological innovations, we have played the leading role in the industry. What is the particular type of processor model and operating system on which a computer is based called. Technical data sheet paper phenolic laminated plastics. It is due to a number of important properties of the first synthetic plastic, bakelite that it has been aptly named as material of a thousand uses. The sheer extent of the crosslinking means that a sample of the material is. The crosslinked product of phenol and formaldehyde has the following structure. These are also the keys to the success of the bakelite brand, which has been at the forefront of the phenolics industry for over a century. Bakelite structure, monomers, preparation, properties, uses.
In the 1920s it was widely used in knobs, dials, circuitry panels, and even cabinets for radios. Uses of bakelite it was used for its nonconductive and heatresistant properties in electrical insulators, and also in radios and telephones. Hylam sheet properties pdf bakelite or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride was the first plastic made from synthetic. Acrylic often used as a light pr shatter resistant alternative to glass. Presented here are the properties and other uses of bakelite you should know about. Phenolics represent one of the best thermosets for low creep. Typical applications include insulation of electrical and mechanical parts and structural components. Bakelite phenolic sheet is a hard, dense material made by applying heat and pressure to layers of paper or glass cloth impregnated with synthetic resin.
Prystal was a trade name used for a type of transparent bakelite marketed by the american catalin corporation in a number of different colors. It can be molded very quickly, decreasing production time. Bakelite resin is a phenol formaldehyde resin formed by condensation reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. Bakelites uses stemmed from its high electrical resistivity. The ease of moulding polymers into different shapes and their relatively low cost of prod. It features a 1hour lecture video, and also presents the prerequisites, learning objectives, reading assignment, lecture slides, homework with solutions, and resources for further study. Such data are nonbinding in character, and do not represent, either explicitly or implicitly, assurances or a guarantee of specific properties. Acrylic is a useful, clear plastic that resembles glass, but has properties that make it superior to glass in many ways. The sheer extent of the crosslinking means that a sample of the material is essentially one gigantic. The offered bakelite sheets are developed according to the latest design in the market by our creative workers utilizing best material for it. Bakelite sheet is also known as hylam sheet, tufnol sheet, norplex sheet, micarta sheet,synthetic resin bonded paper base sheet srbp phenolic sheet, fabric sheet, laminated sheet, synthetic resin bonded fabric base sheet srbf. Pdf synthesis and characterization of phenolformaldehyde. We cannot deny the presence of polymers in our lives.
Epoxy resin molding compounds for encapsulation of. How are the properties of bakelite resin as compared to. Bakelite sheet bakelite hylam sheet manufacturer from. Pdf bakelite material has been used to produce the various. Bakelite can be molded, and in this regard was better than celluloid and also less expensive to make. Micarta laminates various grades technical information pdf.
Moreover, it could be molded very quickly, an enormous advantage in mass production processes where many identical units were produced one after the other. We are surrounded by objects, most of which, some way or the other have a polymer associated with them. Bakelite pf 31 typical physical properties property standard typical value unit density 23c iso 1183 1,42 gcm3 apparent density moulding compound iso 60 0,60 gcm3 injection moulding shrinkage iso 2577 0,8 % injection post shrinkage iso 2577 0,55 % compression moulding shrinkage iso 2577 0,45 %. Our integrated manufacturing system composed of 4 plants in 4 countries and regions i. Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. The first step is an nucleophilic aromatic substitution adding formaldehyde to the phenol. Even though it was technically made of catalin, most collectors still reference it as a type of bakelite. This page contains materials for the polymers class session on synthesis, properties and applications. Cylex will not provide any legally binding guarantee of certain properties, or any suitability. Today, bakelite is manufactured under various commercial brand names such as micarta.
Which was not a result of the baby boom that followed world war ii answers apex. And while some individual pieces may have more value than others, there is one. The multistage process begins by heating phenol and formaldehyde with a catalyst, e. Bakelite moldings are heatresistant and scratchresistant. This plastic is widely used in semiconductors, wire insulations, brake pads, and other automotive components manufacturing owing to its heat resistant and electrical nonconductivity. Bakelite plastic properties bakelite is the trade name for phenol formaldehyde resin. Electrical and automobile industries also like to use bakelite for its high heat resistance and low conductivity properties for applications like electrical switches. Note 1recommended operating temperature is the temperature that when used long term will not rapidly reduce the quailty. Phenolic bakelite woven cotton fabric hgw 2082 technical data phenolic bakelite woven cotton fabric complies with international standards.
This sheet exhibits excellent mechanical strength and physical properties, very good machining characteristics and good resistance to. Learn about the structure, properties, and uses of bakelite and. In bakeliterrnp, the mechanical properties enhancement is due to the chemical connection of rrnp to the bakelite matrix while in bakelitecloisite30b, this. An exception to the overall decline is the use in small precisionshaped components where their specific properties are required, such as molded disc brake cylinders, saucepan handles, electrical plugs and switches, and electrical iron parts. Density of bakelite, solid in 285 units and reference. Fabric bakelite is a rigid, hard wearing material manufactured from phenolic resin withwoven cotton cloth layers of reinforcement. Bakelite phenolic products from professional plastics. Because of its excellent insulating properties, bakelite was also the first commercially produced synthetic resin, replacing shellac and hard rubber in parts for the electric power industry as well as in home appliances. A hard, infusible, and chemically resistant plastic, bakelite was based on a chemical combination of phenol and formaldehyde phenolformaldehyde resin, two compounds that were derived. You can find many different types of vintage, retro, and midcentury bakelite collectibles such as furnishings, jewelry, and light covers. Bakelite or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride was the first plastic made from synthetic. The global bakelite market is anticipated to witness considerable growth over the next six years on account of increasing usage in major industrial applications electronics, power generation and aerospace.
Phenolic sheet is a hard, dense material made by applying heat and pressure to layers of paper or canvas cloth impregnated with synthetic bakelite resin. Study of mechanical properties and recommendations for the. Properties marked with are elements of the database campus computer aided material preselection by uniform standards and based on the obliging introduced guidelines of the norm committee of plastic. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic and the first commercially manufactured thermoplastic polymer followed 2030 years later with companies such as basf in germany and ici in the uk pioneering the introduction of polystyrene ps and polyethylene pe, respectively 2,3. Properties of bakelite bakelite is a nonconductive and heat resistant material makes it ideal for electrical insulators. This reduced the insulation properties to values typical of the plastic, but now for the first.
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